there are 960 bacteria.
(a) Find the population after t hours
y(t)=?
(b) Find the population after 3 hours.
y(3) = ?
(c) When will the population reach 1550 ?
T = ?
A bacteria culture starts with 480 bacteria and grows at a rate propotional to its size.After 2 hours there ar
In this problem, we will use the formula for uninhibited growth, which A=A0*e^(kt) where A is the new amount, A0 is the original amount, k is the rate of growth, and t is time. First lets find the rate of growth, k.
960=480e^(2k)
2=e^(2k)
ln(2)=2k
k=ln(2)/2
Then we can find y(t)
a)
y(t)=480e^(t*ln(2)/2)
b)
y(3)=480e^(3*ln(2)/2) = 1 358
c)
1550=480e^(t*ln(2)/2)
155/48=e^(t*ln(2)/2)
ln(155/48)=t*ln(2)/2
t=[2ln(155/48)]/ln(2)
t=3.38 hours
Reply:a.) f(t)= 480t
b.) f(3)= 480(3) = 1440
c.)1550= 480t
t=3.229 hours
Reply:y(t) = 480 * 2^(t/2)
y(3) = 1357
T = 3.4 h
Saturday, April 24, 2010
Can bacteria spread through phlegm?
If you spit out some phlegm, does the bacteria in it float in the air? Or does the bacteria only spread from the particles coughed out.
Can bacteria spread through phlegm?
Bacteria can be spread through air droplets, such as in tuberculosis. This happens with any exhalation such as coughing, talking, sneezing, that causes particles larger than 5 micrograms. The particles usually travel up to 3 feet away; but anyone entering the room should wear a mask.
Same goes for viruses, including chicken pox, flu, viral pneumonia, measles, etc.
Reply:both in the air and the phlegm
Can bacteria spread through phlegm?
Bacteria can be spread through air droplets, such as in tuberculosis. This happens with any exhalation such as coughing, talking, sneezing, that causes particles larger than 5 micrograms. The particles usually travel up to 3 feet away; but anyone entering the room should wear a mask.
Same goes for viruses, including chicken pox, flu, viral pneumonia, measles, etc.
Reply:both in the air and the phlegm
Vaginal Bacteria/ 38 weeks pregnant?
I would like to know if anyone of you had a bacteria infection that you got prescribed Metronidazole 500 MG tablet for it? I'm 38 weeks pregnant my doctor was delivering a baby and the Nurse Partitioner prescribe this for me, but I kind of feel some nurses still need more practice on prescribing medication. The nurse only gave me this prescription telling me that I had a yellow discharge and that was a bacteria and I needed to take this prescription so I can get rid of it.
Vaginal Bacteria/ 38 weeks pregnant?
I think you should do some research on this medication to be safe!!!Or you could always consult with another doctor!
Good luck!
Reply:here is a site you can look at. questions like this are best asked to your doctor. i never take anything (or for my children) unless i make sure i understand everything. i have been known to ask repeatedly until i understand. my doctor knows this so just tells me right away.....saves us both time.
http://womenshealth.about.com/od/bacteri...
daphne
Vaginal Bacteria/ 38 weeks pregnant?
I think you should do some research on this medication to be safe!!!Or you could always consult with another doctor!
Good luck!
Reply:here is a site you can look at. questions like this are best asked to your doctor. i never take anything (or for my children) unless i make sure i understand everything. i have been known to ask repeatedly until i understand. my doctor knows this so just tells me right away.....saves us both time.
http://womenshealth.about.com/od/bacteri...
daphne
Which bacteria have incubation period of less then 1 day?
Please list all bacteria pathogens that have incubation period of less then 1 day (i.e. bacteria which cause symptoms to show up in human after less then 1 day since infection occurred)
Which bacteria have incubation period of less then 1 day?
Bacteria themselves generally do not have incubation times that are as short as a single day. Some bacteria form toxins in food that can cause nausea and vomiting in a short amount of time (under 12 hours) when eaten. This is where most immediate reaction cases of food poisoning come from.
Reply:Anthrax?
Some foodborne bacteria can present after 12 hours, but it depends on the quantity of the bacteria consumed, otherwise it can be upto 72 hours before symptoms appear.
Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter
Reply:Salmonella 4 hrs to 3 days...
Which bacteria have incubation period of less then 1 day?
Bacteria themselves generally do not have incubation times that are as short as a single day. Some bacteria form toxins in food that can cause nausea and vomiting in a short amount of time (under 12 hours) when eaten. This is where most immediate reaction cases of food poisoning come from.
Reply:Anthrax?
Some foodborne bacteria can present after 12 hours, but it depends on the quantity of the bacteria consumed, otherwise it can be upto 72 hours before symptoms appear.
Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter
Reply:Salmonella 4 hrs to 3 days...
The number of bacteria present in a culture is given by N(t) = 15,000(3t), where N(t) is the number of bacteri
The number of bacteria present in a culture is given by N(t) = 15,000(3t), where N(t) is the number of bacteria after t hours. Find the number of bacteria present after 6 hours.
The number of bacteria present in a culture is given by N(t) = 15,000(3t), where N(t) is the number of bacteri
N(6) = 15 000 (3(6))
=15 000 * 18
=270 000
Reply:This is a problem of substitution. Where ever t is, place 6.
N(6) = 15000(3*6) = 15000(18) = 270000 bacteria present.
Reply:N(t) = 15,000(3t)
t = 6 hours
N(6) = 15,000(3*6)
N(6) = 15,000(18)
N(6) = 270,000 bacteria
Reply:N(t) = 15,000(3t)
Since time is 6 hours, N(t) = 15,000(3 x 6)
= 15,000 x 18
= 270,000 numbers of Bacteria present after 6 hours.
The number of bacteria present in a culture is given by N(t) = 15,000(3t), where N(t) is the number of bacteri
N(6) = 15 000 (3(6))
=15 000 * 18
=270 000
Reply:This is a problem of substitution. Where ever t is, place 6.
N(6) = 15000(3*6) = 15000(18) = 270000 bacteria present.
Reply:N(t) = 15,000(3t)
t = 6 hours
N(6) = 15,000(3*6)
N(6) = 15,000(18)
N(6) = 270,000 bacteria
Reply:N(t) = 15,000(3t)
Since time is 6 hours, N(t) = 15,000(3 x 6)
= 15,000 x 18
= 270,000 numbers of Bacteria present after 6 hours.
Can bacteria help reduce solid waste? More specifically, can bacteria break-down plastics? Is this practical?
I am researching methods of solid waste management. In particular, I am exploring bioremediation technologies. I am curious to know why bacteria are not more comonly used to eliminate plastics from landfills.
Can bacteria help reduce solid waste? More specifically, can bacteria break-down plastics? Is this practical?
Go to the Environmental Sciences (or equivalent) department of any University or College, and you will find students isolating specific bacteria to do thi very thing, amongst hundreds of other promising applications; bacteria are being 'trained' to eat plastics, diesel fuel, waxed paper, newspaper and polystyrene cups, among other things. The reason they are not more commonly used is probably a function of time economics. Once the fumes from burning trash begin to hinder the breathing of the grandchildren of government lawmakers, something might happen!
Reply:Plastics cannot biodrade so bacterica cannot decompose the substance. They breakdown organics.
Reply:Most plastics are not biodegradeable. In a landfill there is not enough oxygen for decomposition to occur.
Can bacteria help reduce solid waste? More specifically, can bacteria break-down plastics? Is this practical?
Go to the Environmental Sciences (or equivalent) department of any University or College, and you will find students isolating specific bacteria to do thi very thing, amongst hundreds of other promising applications; bacteria are being 'trained' to eat plastics, diesel fuel, waxed paper, newspaper and polystyrene cups, among other things. The reason they are not more commonly used is probably a function of time economics. Once the fumes from burning trash begin to hinder the breathing of the grandchildren of government lawmakers, something might happen!
Reply:Plastics cannot biodrade so bacterica cannot decompose the substance. They breakdown organics.
Reply:Most plastics are not biodegradeable. In a landfill there is not enough oxygen for decomposition to occur.
Can bacteria live and grow in inorganic material such as clothing?
For instance, will the blood stained clothes a butcher wears, continue to harvest bacteria even if he (hypothetically) does not get more blood or new bacteria into his clothes?
Can bacteria live and grow in inorganic material such as clothing?
Nearly everything has a bit of organic matter on it from dust etc. Combine that with a bit of moisture and some bacteria can live.
Clothing is however usually organic (cotton, wool, silk, leather etc) and there may be enough nutrients there for some bacteria to grow given just a tiny bit of water. Some of the synthetic fibers such as nylon even can be used as food by some specialized (but rare) bacteria.
Clothing in general also usually has dead skin cells, sweat etc from our bodies and that is enough organic matter for bacteria to live on.
As for not geting new bacteria on an article of clothing. That is just about impossible outside of a clean room or a sterilized box. I seriously doubt any clothing that touches bare skin can be kept bacteria free. (regardless of how much the person just washed).
Reply:Blood is organic material - so your example doesn't fit your question.
There are plenty of bacteria that are photosynthetic, and therefore produce their own organic material to survive. - Therefore, yes!
Reply:I doesn't take much for bacteria to grow...in your example , yes it will continue to grow!
camellia
Can bacteria live and grow in inorganic material such as clothing?
Nearly everything has a bit of organic matter on it from dust etc. Combine that with a bit of moisture and some bacteria can live.
Clothing is however usually organic (cotton, wool, silk, leather etc) and there may be enough nutrients there for some bacteria to grow given just a tiny bit of water. Some of the synthetic fibers such as nylon even can be used as food by some specialized (but rare) bacteria.
Clothing in general also usually has dead skin cells, sweat etc from our bodies and that is enough organic matter for bacteria to live on.
As for not geting new bacteria on an article of clothing. That is just about impossible outside of a clean room or a sterilized box. I seriously doubt any clothing that touches bare skin can be kept bacteria free. (regardless of how much the person just washed).
Reply:Blood is organic material - so your example doesn't fit your question.
There are plenty of bacteria that are photosynthetic, and therefore produce their own organic material to survive. - Therefore, yes!
Reply:I doesn't take much for bacteria to grow...in your example , yes it will continue to grow!
camellia
Pathogenic bacteria, what about them???
guys, can you give me a little clue or knowledge about this pathogenic bacteria??
%26gt;and can you please tell, what is the effect of that bacteria to us???
....thank you in advance!!!
%26gt;take care guys,
Pathogenic bacteria, what about them???
The short answer is: any bacteria that gets into an area that it normally doesn't belong and causes an infection. ie. intestinal bacteria is very beneficial for breaking down and helping you digest food but if a few of them get into your bladder or a cut in your skin then it is a pathogen. Same thing goes for environmental bacteria. ie. the bacteria that causes tetnus doesn't cause any problems in its natural habitat, the soil, but if it gets in a cut then you have a problem.
Lastly, there are always exceptions to every rule. Staph. aureus and Strep. A (pyogenes) are always pathogens when isolated. Probably some others as well, but that is all that I can think of at the moment.
I hope I helped some
Reply:Wow! You got a week?!
There are literally thousands of pathogenic bacteria. All it means is that that particular bacteria causes a disease. There are also lots of bacteria that are helpful with processes like digestion, maintaining a healthy balance in your body, etc. And a lot of bacteria don't affect us at all.
The diseases of pathogenic bacteria can be as small as an infected cut on your finger, they can affect your lungs like pneumonia, they can cause leprosy, etc. You can google it for a more detailed description or you can check out a book at your local library.
%26gt;and can you please tell, what is the effect of that bacteria to us???
....thank you in advance!!!
%26gt;take care guys,
Pathogenic bacteria, what about them???
The short answer is: any bacteria that gets into an area that it normally doesn't belong and causes an infection. ie. intestinal bacteria is very beneficial for breaking down and helping you digest food but if a few of them get into your bladder or a cut in your skin then it is a pathogen. Same thing goes for environmental bacteria. ie. the bacteria that causes tetnus doesn't cause any problems in its natural habitat, the soil, but if it gets in a cut then you have a problem.
Lastly, there are always exceptions to every rule. Staph. aureus and Strep. A (pyogenes) are always pathogens when isolated. Probably some others as well, but that is all that I can think of at the moment.
I hope I helped some
Reply:Wow! You got a week?!
There are literally thousands of pathogenic bacteria. All it means is that that particular bacteria causes a disease. There are also lots of bacteria that are helpful with processes like digestion, maintaining a healthy balance in your body, etc. And a lot of bacteria don't affect us at all.
The diseases of pathogenic bacteria can be as small as an infected cut on your finger, they can affect your lungs like pneumonia, they can cause leprosy, etc. You can google it for a more detailed description or you can check out a book at your local library.
Do bacteria really crawl?
From the saying "crawling with bacteria," if dirty water sits in the sink, will bacteria actually crawl out onto surrounding surfaces?
Do bacteria really crawl?
Nope.
'Crawling with bacteria' is the same as 'loaded with bacteria', but it sounds more dramatic and disgusting, as if bacteria are crawling bugs (which are high on the list of things people don't like).
Bacteria are far too small to be able to use legs in the form that we are used to. They have no muscles to power legs, and on a surface, the simple forces of nature, like static and surface tension, would make crawling impossible for them.
Reply:they don't they have special organells for locomotion like flagella and cilia.
Reply:Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell.............prokaryotes DO have flagellum therefore they are capable of movement. Bacteria do have flagellum and are capable of movement.
Hpwever in the content that you are describing, bacteria usually will reproduce and expand the surfaces it is on, therefore increasing its surface area and spreading.
Reply:some bact are motile but some are not.
Reply:Cells move for a variety of reasons. Bacteria swim by beating their flagella in order to exploit newly created micro-environment and amoeba crawl to gather bacteria to feed on. The cells of vertebrates must move to heal wounds, fend off invaders and the eukaryotic flagella is used to propel sperm cells toward eggs.
Speed (mm/sec)
Bacteria
10
Ciliate
1,000
Amoeba proteus
3
Neutrophil
0.1
Do bacteria really crawl?
Nope.
'Crawling with bacteria' is the same as 'loaded with bacteria', but it sounds more dramatic and disgusting, as if bacteria are crawling bugs (which are high on the list of things people don't like).
Bacteria are far too small to be able to use legs in the form that we are used to. They have no muscles to power legs, and on a surface, the simple forces of nature, like static and surface tension, would make crawling impossible for them.
Reply:they don't they have special organells for locomotion like flagella and cilia.
Reply:Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell.............prokaryotes DO have flagellum therefore they are capable of movement. Bacteria do have flagellum and are capable of movement.
Hpwever in the content that you are describing, bacteria usually will reproduce and expand the surfaces it is on, therefore increasing its surface area and spreading.
Reply:some bact are motile but some are not.
Reply:Cells move for a variety of reasons. Bacteria swim by beating their flagella in order to exploit newly created micro-environment and amoeba crawl to gather bacteria to feed on. The cells of vertebrates must move to heal wounds, fend off invaders and the eukaryotic flagella is used to propel sperm cells toward eggs.
Speed (mm/sec)
Bacteria
10
Ciliate
1,000
Amoeba proteus
3
Neutrophil
0.1
Calculating Bacteria Population?
Let's assume that bacteria can reproduce once every 20 minutes during binary fission. Assume further that his rate of reproduction can be maintained. Now, calculate how many bacteria there would be after 1-hour period if you started with a single bacterium
Calculating Bacteria Population?
Bacterial growth
In this section we will return to the questions posed in the first section on exponential and logarithmic functions. Recall that we are studying a population of bacteria undergoing binary fission. In particular, the population doubles every three hours.
We would like to know the following:
How many bacteria are present after 51 hours if a culture is inoculated with 1 bacterium?
With how many bacteria should a culture be inoculated if there are to be 81,920 bacteria present on hour 42?
How long would it take for an initial population of 6 to reach a size of 12,288 bacteria?
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biomath/t...
Exponential Population Growth
Tutorial to help you answer problem 1.
How many bacteria are present after 51 hours if a culture is inoculated with 1 bacterium? Use the model, N(t) = Noe kt, and assume the population doubles every 3 hours. (N(t) is the population size at time t and k is a constant.)
Tutorial
Now that we have convinced ourselves that an exponential model is appropriate, but not perfect, we will use the general model
N(t) = N0e k t (1)
where N (t) represents the population size at time t (Note: you may also use the model, N (t) = N0a t ). The question asks for the population size when t = 51. In order to use this model, we will need to figure out the values of the constants, N0 and k. At time t = 0, there is a single bacterium, therefore N0 = 1. Substituting N0 = 1 into (1) gives,
N(t) = 1 ⋅ e kt = e kt, (2)
We now use the fact that when t = 3, N(3) = 2 (the population has doubled). Substituting the point (t, N(t)) = (3, 2) into (2),
N(3) = 2 = e 3k (3)
We can now solve for k in (3) by "undoing" the exponential using the natural logarithm,
Using this value of k our model in (2) becomes,
(4)
Now that we have our model, we need to find the population size after 51 hours. Substituting t = 51 into (4) yields,
Thus, we find that after 51 hours there are 131,072 bacteria.
Reply:follow the formula: 2n
so if you start with 1 bacterium and replicates every 20 mins that means that in 1 hours there will be 3 replications therefore
2(3)=6
there will be 6 bacteria
Calculating Bacteria Population?
Bacterial growth
In this section we will return to the questions posed in the first section on exponential and logarithmic functions. Recall that we are studying a population of bacteria undergoing binary fission. In particular, the population doubles every three hours.
We would like to know the following:
How many bacteria are present after 51 hours if a culture is inoculated with 1 bacterium?
With how many bacteria should a culture be inoculated if there are to be 81,920 bacteria present on hour 42?
How long would it take for an initial population of 6 to reach a size of 12,288 bacteria?
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biomath/t...
Exponential Population Growth
Tutorial to help you answer problem 1.
How many bacteria are present after 51 hours if a culture is inoculated with 1 bacterium? Use the model, N(t) = Noe kt, and assume the population doubles every 3 hours. (N(t) is the population size at time t and k is a constant.)
Tutorial
Now that we have convinced ourselves that an exponential model is appropriate, but not perfect, we will use the general model
N(t) = N0e k t (1)
where N (t) represents the population size at time t (Note: you may also use the model, N (t) = N0a t ). The question asks for the population size when t = 51. In order to use this model, we will need to figure out the values of the constants, N0 and k. At time t = 0, there is a single bacterium, therefore N0 = 1. Substituting N0 = 1 into (1) gives,
N(t) = 1 ⋅ e kt = e kt, (2)
We now use the fact that when t = 3, N(3) = 2 (the population has doubled). Substituting the point (t, N(t)) = (3, 2) into (2),
N(3) = 2 = e 3k (3)
We can now solve for k in (3) by "undoing" the exponential using the natural logarithm,
Using this value of k our model in (2) becomes,
(4)
Now that we have our model, we need to find the population size after 51 hours. Substituting t = 51 into (4) yields,
Thus, we find that after 51 hours there are 131,072 bacteria.
Reply:follow the formula: 2n
so if you start with 1 bacterium and replicates every 20 mins that means that in 1 hours there will be 3 replications therefore
2(3)=6
there will be 6 bacteria
1. Bacteria reproduce asexually, through binary fission. then how???
1. Bacteria reproduce asexually, through binary fission.
and how, then, does genetic variation arise in a population of bacteria?
does genetic variation within a bacterial population lead to antibiotic resistant strains?
1. Bacteria reproduce asexually, through binary fission. then how???
%26gt; and how, then, does genetic variation arise in a population of bacteria?
a) Through mutation.
b) Through the presence of plasmids that may not be in every individual.
c) Through the presence of genes brought in by lysogenic viruses.
%26gt; does genetic variation within a bacterial population lead to antibiotic resistant strains?
The antibiotic resistant strains are generally those that have a plasmid with genes that enable them to deal with the antibiotics, so, yes.
=
Bacteria can send a copy of a plasmid, and even bits of their chromosome, through bacterial conjugation. Look up "sex pilus" and "pilus receptor." With the right pilus and receptor, even bacteria of completely different species can conjugate with each other.
Reply:Genetic variations must arise through mutations, unless I'm missing something.
Yes, genetic variation leads to antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The antibiotics kill off all the bacteria that are susceptible to it but can't kill the bacteria that is resistant to it. That strain of bacteria is left to reproduce and the antibiotic-resistant strain becomes the dominant bacteria.
Reply:Genetic variation occurs through mutations and through gene splicing, though the latter isn't natural.
Bacteria can also exchange DNA with other bacteria, I beleive this is called conjugation.
Reply:Mutations and conjugation. Sometimes the bacteria screws up its own DNA in the copying processes and they can exchange DNA from other bacteria.
Reply:Generally bacteria reproduce by binary fission, and sometimes a mutation occurs. Most mutations are deadly, but some are not.
But bacteria can conjugate with another bacteria and exchange genetic material, they do this occasionally. This is how antibiotic resistant strains occur.
lady slipper
and how, then, does genetic variation arise in a population of bacteria?
does genetic variation within a bacterial population lead to antibiotic resistant strains?
1. Bacteria reproduce asexually, through binary fission. then how???
%26gt; and how, then, does genetic variation arise in a population of bacteria?
a) Through mutation.
b) Through the presence of plasmids that may not be in every individual.
c) Through the presence of genes brought in by lysogenic viruses.
%26gt; does genetic variation within a bacterial population lead to antibiotic resistant strains?
The antibiotic resistant strains are generally those that have a plasmid with genes that enable them to deal with the antibiotics, so, yes.
=
Bacteria can send a copy of a plasmid, and even bits of their chromosome, through bacterial conjugation. Look up "sex pilus" and "pilus receptor." With the right pilus and receptor, even bacteria of completely different species can conjugate with each other.
Reply:Genetic variations must arise through mutations, unless I'm missing something.
Yes, genetic variation leads to antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The antibiotics kill off all the bacteria that are susceptible to it but can't kill the bacteria that is resistant to it. That strain of bacteria is left to reproduce and the antibiotic-resistant strain becomes the dominant bacteria.
Reply:Genetic variation occurs through mutations and through gene splicing, though the latter isn't natural.
Bacteria can also exchange DNA with other bacteria, I beleive this is called conjugation.
Reply:Mutations and conjugation. Sometimes the bacteria screws up its own DNA in the copying processes and they can exchange DNA from other bacteria.
Reply:Generally bacteria reproduce by binary fission, and sometimes a mutation occurs. Most mutations are deadly, but some are not.
But bacteria can conjugate with another bacteria and exchange genetic material, they do this occasionally. This is how antibiotic resistant strains occur.
lady slipper
Can bacteria live and grow in inorganic material such as clothing?
For instance, will the blood stained clothes a butcher wears, continue to harvest bacteria even if he (hypothetically) does not get more blood or new bacteria into his clothes?
Can bacteria live and grow in inorganic material such as clothing?
Nearly everything has a bit of organic matter on it from dust etc. Combine that with a bit of moisture and some bacteria can live.
Clothing is however usually organic (cotton, wool, silk, leather etc) and there may be enough nutrients there for some bacteria to grow given just a tiny bit of water. Some of the synthetic fibers such as nylon even can be used as food by some specialized (but rare) bacteria.
Clothing in general also usually has dead skin cells, sweat etc from our bodies and that is enough organic matter for bacteria to live on.
As for not geting new bacteria on an article of clothing. That is just about impossible outside of a clean room or a sterilized box. I seriously doubt any clothing that touches bare skin can be kept bacteria free. (regardless of how much the person just washed).
Reply:Blood is organic material - so your example doesn't fit your question.
There are plenty of bacteria that are photosynthetic, and therefore produce their own organic material to survive. - Therefore, yes!
Reply:I doesn't take much for bacteria to grow...in your example , yes it will continue to grow!
Can bacteria live and grow in inorganic material such as clothing?
Nearly everything has a bit of organic matter on it from dust etc. Combine that with a bit of moisture and some bacteria can live.
Clothing is however usually organic (cotton, wool, silk, leather etc) and there may be enough nutrients there for some bacteria to grow given just a tiny bit of water. Some of the synthetic fibers such as nylon even can be used as food by some specialized (but rare) bacteria.
Clothing in general also usually has dead skin cells, sweat etc from our bodies and that is enough organic matter for bacteria to live on.
As for not geting new bacteria on an article of clothing. That is just about impossible outside of a clean room or a sterilized box. I seriously doubt any clothing that touches bare skin can be kept bacteria free. (regardless of how much the person just washed).
Reply:Blood is organic material - so your example doesn't fit your question.
There are plenty of bacteria that are photosynthetic, and therefore produce their own organic material to survive. - Therefore, yes!
Reply:I doesn't take much for bacteria to grow...in your example , yes it will continue to grow!
Which bacteria are most deadly?
what type of bacteria are most deadly ?
where can the bacteria be found ?
Which bacteria are most deadly?
E.coli - Spinach
Salmonella - Tainted food from china
Antrax - Letters from Osama
Reply:the one which kills you !!!!!!!!!!
where can the bacteria be found ?
Which bacteria are most deadly?
E.coli - Spinach
Salmonella - Tainted food from china
Antrax - Letters from Osama
Reply:the one which kills you !!!!!!!!!!
Aquarium bacteria cycling question for experts?
I recently started a tank, after not doing fish for a few years. My ammonia has gone down to zero . That is testing just before the daily water change. The nitrite and nitrate are a different story. They have been stuck at 2 ppm %26amp; 20 ppm, respectfully. They have been this high for several weeks. This seems high to me, even for cycling my tank, but I don't think I should get rid of it ALL. Wouldn't that make the bacteria for the nitrite die or at least not multiply? Also What level should I try to keep them at? I understand zero is the target but what about during your initial cycle? Am I wrong in thinking that I want to have a little bit left in there to encourage bacteria growth?
Thank you.
Aquarium bacteria cycling question for experts?
You are exactly right that you need some in the tank to have additional bacteria growth. It's not uncommon for the nitrite to nitrate part of the cycle to be a few weeks behind the ammonia to nitrite part and even to be slow in completely growing out. It sound like you are coming along in fairly normal progress personally. The nitrite level is boarderline. I would rather see it around 1 ppm for the health of the fish. The nitrates are just fine, nothing at all to worry about there. I would suggest a series of small water changes to lower the nitrites a bit. Consider the type of fish you have and your current tank temperature and see if an increase of a few degrees in the tank temperature is possible, that might jump start the bacteria into completing the cycle. Also, lightly stir the surface of your gravel every few days to move bacteria colonies around a bit, that might encourage additional growth.
I am assuming you have an adequately sized power filter for the tank. Right?
MM
Reply:you said daily water changes? you shouldnt be changing your water daily that may be the reason for your problem. do you have fish in the tank or are you doing a fishless cycle? During the cycle there are a few stages.
1) amonia goes up
2) amonia keeps going up and nitrite rises
3) nitrite keeps riseing and amonia depletes
4) nitrate begins to rise and nitrite depletes
5) nitrate should then deplete
the bacteria is what breaks down these toxins so possibly by doing your daily water changes you are removing some of this bacteria needed to let the tank cycle.
Please give more info as to what size tank what fish are in there and anything else that you can think of.
Reply:Ok, do not worry about the nitrates if it is a freshwater tank. For the nitrites, I would get a product at a local petsmart, or petco that locks the nitrites making them non-toxic. Test your water again, and check to see if nitrites are zero, and nitrates if its saltwater. Then when they are zero, do a 20% water change, and you are set. If it goes back up, make sure to add the lock, and do the change sometime in that week
Reply:I know everyone has their own methods of cycling their tanks which work for them, in my experience if you just leave your tank alone and let it go through its cycle and possibly remove any carbon in your filters this may help eliminate all nitrites. And no you dont want to have any ammonia or nitrites in your tank, this should only happen during the initial cycling process. Nitrites at 2 are a little high keeping them under .4 is ideal and nitrates under 40 or 60 is good. So i would just try leaving the tank alone feeding minimally and removing carbon and see how that does for you in the next week to see if the nitrites lower.
Reply:Hi -
do you have any plants in your tank - floating and/or planted plants?
They'll help with the nitrate and nitrite levels - to keep them down. Anacharis is a good one for tanks. It will also oxygenate the water. I think it's one of the best.
Good Luck,
Ken
Thank you.
Aquarium bacteria cycling question for experts?
You are exactly right that you need some in the tank to have additional bacteria growth. It's not uncommon for the nitrite to nitrate part of the cycle to be a few weeks behind the ammonia to nitrite part and even to be slow in completely growing out. It sound like you are coming along in fairly normal progress personally. The nitrite level is boarderline. I would rather see it around 1 ppm for the health of the fish. The nitrates are just fine, nothing at all to worry about there. I would suggest a series of small water changes to lower the nitrites a bit. Consider the type of fish you have and your current tank temperature and see if an increase of a few degrees in the tank temperature is possible, that might jump start the bacteria into completing the cycle. Also, lightly stir the surface of your gravel every few days to move bacteria colonies around a bit, that might encourage additional growth.
I am assuming you have an adequately sized power filter for the tank. Right?
MM
Reply:you said daily water changes? you shouldnt be changing your water daily that may be the reason for your problem. do you have fish in the tank or are you doing a fishless cycle? During the cycle there are a few stages.
1) amonia goes up
2) amonia keeps going up and nitrite rises
3) nitrite keeps riseing and amonia depletes
4) nitrate begins to rise and nitrite depletes
5) nitrate should then deplete
the bacteria is what breaks down these toxins so possibly by doing your daily water changes you are removing some of this bacteria needed to let the tank cycle.
Please give more info as to what size tank what fish are in there and anything else that you can think of.
Reply:Ok, do not worry about the nitrates if it is a freshwater tank. For the nitrites, I would get a product at a local petsmart, or petco that locks the nitrites making them non-toxic. Test your water again, and check to see if nitrites are zero, and nitrates if its saltwater. Then when they are zero, do a 20% water change, and you are set. If it goes back up, make sure to add the lock, and do the change sometime in that week
Reply:I know everyone has their own methods of cycling their tanks which work for them, in my experience if you just leave your tank alone and let it go through its cycle and possibly remove any carbon in your filters this may help eliminate all nitrites. And no you dont want to have any ammonia or nitrites in your tank, this should only happen during the initial cycling process. Nitrites at 2 are a little high keeping them under .4 is ideal and nitrates under 40 or 60 is good. So i would just try leaving the tank alone feeding minimally and removing carbon and see how that does for you in the next week to see if the nitrites lower.
Reply:Hi -
do you have any plants in your tank - floating and/or planted plants?
They'll help with the nitrate and nitrite levels - to keep them down. Anacharis is a good one for tanks. It will also oxygenate the water. I think it's one of the best.
Good Luck,
Ken
Staphylococcus bacteria in your nose?
How do we not get ill from that? Does the bacteria have to get into a cut, etc., in order to be dangerous to our health? Can the bacteria be spread from sneezing, picking (gross), etc.?
Staphylococcus bacteria in your nose?
Staphylococcus aureus, often referred to simply as "staph," are bacteria commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people. Approximately 25% to 30% of the population is colonized (when bacteria are present, but not causing an infection) in the nose with staph bacteria.
Sometimes, staph can cause an infection. Staph bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin infections in the United States. Most of these skin infections are minor (such as pimples and boils) and can be treated without antibiotics.
Staph bacteria also can cause serious infections (such as surgical wound infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia).
One area that is of concern is MRSA (methicillin resistant Staph aureus). While 25% to 30% of the population is colonized with staph, approximately 1% is colonized with MRSA.
Usually when staph is in your nose, you can be a carrier. Staph or MRSA infections in the community are usually manifested as skin infections, such as pimples and boils, and occur in otherwise healthy people.
MRSA is transmitted most frequently by direct skin-to-skin contact.
Most importantly, you can protect yourself from infections by practicing good hygiene; covering any open skin area such as abrasions or cuts with a clean dry bandage; avoiding sharing personal items such as towels or razors.
Reply:Yes it can spread by sneezing or having your finger in your nose and touching other surfaces. We don't get sick unless the bacteria spread from your nares to another part of your body.
Reply:If you are not ill you more then likely will not get MRSA. However, like my friend you can become a CARRIER for it due to having surgery after surgery, hospitalization after hospitalization. The bacteria can spread anyway a regular bacteria can spread.
dendrobium
Staphylococcus bacteria in your nose?
Staphylococcus aureus, often referred to simply as "staph," are bacteria commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people. Approximately 25% to 30% of the population is colonized (when bacteria are present, but not causing an infection) in the nose with staph bacteria.
Sometimes, staph can cause an infection. Staph bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin infections in the United States. Most of these skin infections are minor (such as pimples and boils) and can be treated without antibiotics.
Staph bacteria also can cause serious infections (such as surgical wound infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia).
One area that is of concern is MRSA (methicillin resistant Staph aureus). While 25% to 30% of the population is colonized with staph, approximately 1% is colonized with MRSA.
Usually when staph is in your nose, you can be a carrier. Staph or MRSA infections in the community are usually manifested as skin infections, such as pimples and boils, and occur in otherwise healthy people.
MRSA is transmitted most frequently by direct skin-to-skin contact.
Most importantly, you can protect yourself from infections by practicing good hygiene; covering any open skin area such as abrasions or cuts with a clean dry bandage; avoiding sharing personal items such as towels or razors.
Reply:Yes it can spread by sneezing or having your finger in your nose and touching other surfaces. We don't get sick unless the bacteria spread from your nares to another part of your body.
Reply:If you are not ill you more then likely will not get MRSA. However, like my friend you can become a CARRIER for it due to having surgery after surgery, hospitalization after hospitalization. The bacteria can spread anyway a regular bacteria can spread.
dendrobium
What happens to bacteria that were used in a procedure that have been incubated for a longer period of time?
this bacteria was used for a Gram staining prodcedure. Before it was used, the bacteria was incubated for a long period of time. Would this alter the result in anyway? Does the bacteria cell walls get stronger or weaker with time?
What happens to bacteria that were used in a procedure that have been incubated for a longer period of time?
Unless you were constantly adding nutrients to your cell culture, (and unless you have some really expensive equipment, you were not), the bacteria would stop growing.
When that happens, the cell wall would become weaker.
The Gram stain uses Crystal violet dye which stains the thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria. If bacteria do not have this layer, they will not keep the crystal violet stain when washed with your decolorizer (usually acetone or alcohol). So the cells would only take up your counterstain (safranin, a red/pink dye). This would normally indicate that the bacteria are Gram negative.
Therefore if you have an old culture, the peptidoglycan of the cell wall would not hold the crystal violet dye. So no matter whether your bacteria are Gram positive or negative, you would only see pink bacteria.
So this would cause gram positive bacteria to appear gram negative.
Reply:This really depends on the type of culture and nutrient base used to colonize the bacteria. If the nutrient base runs out the microbes typically turn to one another for survival. In which case most will die as a result. If you there is enough nutrient base and environmental temperatures/pH is able to sustain microbial life you will have constant colonization.
What happens to bacteria that were used in a procedure that have been incubated for a longer period of time?
Unless you were constantly adding nutrients to your cell culture, (and unless you have some really expensive equipment, you were not), the bacteria would stop growing.
When that happens, the cell wall would become weaker.
The Gram stain uses Crystal violet dye which stains the thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria. If bacteria do not have this layer, they will not keep the crystal violet stain when washed with your decolorizer (usually acetone or alcohol). So the cells would only take up your counterstain (safranin, a red/pink dye). This would normally indicate that the bacteria are Gram negative.
Therefore if you have an old culture, the peptidoglycan of the cell wall would not hold the crystal violet dye. So no matter whether your bacteria are Gram positive or negative, you would only see pink bacteria.
So this would cause gram positive bacteria to appear gram negative.
Reply:This really depends on the type of culture and nutrient base used to colonize the bacteria. If the nutrient base runs out the microbes typically turn to one another for survival. In which case most will die as a result. If you there is enough nutrient base and environmental temperatures/pH is able to sustain microbial life you will have constant colonization.
Can bacteria be transmitted through odour?
we were watching an advert which claimed that there were more bacteria on chopping boards than toilet seats but i thought it's more to do with the type of bacteria rather than the amount. We weren't sure if any can be transmitted through the smell of something, as surely if you can smell it, a particle containing the scent has managed to reach your nostrils.
Can bacteria be transmitted through odour?
Bacteria are not transmitted through odour, but can be airborne and transmitted through tiny droplets of liquid or by attaching themselves to other matter, small enough to get airborne. At any moment in time, there are billions of bacteria surrounding you.
That said, I think today's world has gone mad with regards to hygiene. It is a known fact that the children of farmers, who play outside amongst the farm animals, and subsequent breeding bacteria, have vastly superior immune systems. And the suggestion that a synthetic smell, in all todays commercials, around the home is pleasant is ludicrous!
If we lived in a bacteria free world, we would not be able to digest our food and if we stop appreciating 'natural' smells we will lose our ability to truly appreciate our humanity...
Reply:I can't find anything on the internet that says bacteria can be transmitted through odour
Reply:I would say yes. You see people wearing those paper face masks in like China, bird flu, hospitals, illness, germs viruses. Airborn its harm would be in its scent.
Reply:Not through odour itself, but respiratory droplets. Bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis infect people via the nostrils or mouth into the lungs this way....
Reply:No, bacteria generate smell it can not be transmitted through smell.
Bacteria grow where there is energy to feed this growth. This makes a shopping board an ideal place for many different types of bacteria, however different bacteria do prefer different types of energy sources.
Reply:I hate those commercials - first off bacteria can be transmitted through scent since when you smell you're breathing in particles of the matter that is in a way slowly dissolving in the air.
The whole 'more bacteria on a chopping board than on a toilet seat' is completely true - and incredibly MISLEADING! Its a piece of disinformation touted by sellers of bleach for their own purposes.
It sounds horrific - why? Because we imagine toilet seats have lots of bacteria - truth is - they do NOT. Bacteria need damp areas to reproduce - a smooth, dry, ceramic surface could not be more unfriendly to microbial life. On the other hand a damp chopping board might have a fair few from meats and other food stuffs - however, thats more bacteria compared to the smooth ceramic surface (forget that its a toilet) which isnt saying very much at all.
Reply:Well - the Hantavirus is transmitted by inhaling an aerosol-like substance that is produced by the droppings / urine of certain rodents.
See the link below.
Reply:Odour is just molecules the same as anything else. bacteria may be bigger but they often go together - think of mould!
Neither has to be harmful, in any quantity (excepting lorry loads of course) but it only takes 1 bug to start a bug farm so the more the un-merrier.
Also seats tend to be smooth and cleaned with a disinfectant rather than pitted and scratched and just wiped clean so they will start from the blocks rather than having salmanella lurking!
Reply:From what i remember it cant the odour given off by an object is of gaseous nature and therefore does not contain bacteria. However bacteria can be air born in the air that the gas inhabits meaning it would be inhaled.
Reply:No odor from bacteria is caused by sulfuric gasses that the bacteria give off. However if the bacteria is a harmful species and is airborne yes it will make you sick but they are usually odorless.
Reply:I think you are asking if bacteria can be transmitted through, the answer is definitely yes. However, the term odour or scent refers to our perception of molecules as they act on our olfactory receptors. Bacteria themselves are not detectable; therefore, no odour.
Reply:bacteria cant travel via the atmosphere,a virus,and eg common cold can even though most is caught through touch more than anything.If bacteria can live in out atmosphere get ready for a human wipe out.......rabis + wter baware?
Reply:Odours are air borne particles. Yes Yes Yes
Reply:Our Olfactory sense organs ,situated in the roof of the nose, are mainly chemical sensors and their stimulation is carried via the olfactory nerve to the brain.
Any odours are in fact specific chemicals that have stimulated the sensors.
These chemical molecules reach our sense organs through the air. Bacteria can also be transmitted through the air and be airborne .
As one can imagine the chemical molecule will travel further than the bacteria due to their difference in masses .
So if one is near enough to the source of the odour one may then breathe in air containing both the chemicals and the odourless bacteria . While further away one can breathe the chemicals without the bacteria. This is easily verifiable.
Odours do not transmit bacteria but both may be independently and concomitantly transmitted by air (airborne).
Can bacteria be transmitted through odour?
Bacteria are not transmitted through odour, but can be airborne and transmitted through tiny droplets of liquid or by attaching themselves to other matter, small enough to get airborne. At any moment in time, there are billions of bacteria surrounding you.
That said, I think today's world has gone mad with regards to hygiene. It is a known fact that the children of farmers, who play outside amongst the farm animals, and subsequent breeding bacteria, have vastly superior immune systems. And the suggestion that a synthetic smell, in all todays commercials, around the home is pleasant is ludicrous!
If we lived in a bacteria free world, we would not be able to digest our food and if we stop appreciating 'natural' smells we will lose our ability to truly appreciate our humanity...
Reply:I can't find anything on the internet that says bacteria can be transmitted through odour
Reply:I would say yes. You see people wearing those paper face masks in like China, bird flu, hospitals, illness, germs viruses. Airborn its harm would be in its scent.
Reply:Not through odour itself, but respiratory droplets. Bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis infect people via the nostrils or mouth into the lungs this way....
Reply:No, bacteria generate smell it can not be transmitted through smell.
Bacteria grow where there is energy to feed this growth. This makes a shopping board an ideal place for many different types of bacteria, however different bacteria do prefer different types of energy sources.
Reply:I hate those commercials - first off bacteria can be transmitted through scent since when you smell you're breathing in particles of the matter that is in a way slowly dissolving in the air.
The whole 'more bacteria on a chopping board than on a toilet seat' is completely true - and incredibly MISLEADING! Its a piece of disinformation touted by sellers of bleach for their own purposes.
It sounds horrific - why? Because we imagine toilet seats have lots of bacteria - truth is - they do NOT. Bacteria need damp areas to reproduce - a smooth, dry, ceramic surface could not be more unfriendly to microbial life. On the other hand a damp chopping board might have a fair few from meats and other food stuffs - however, thats more bacteria compared to the smooth ceramic surface (forget that its a toilet) which isnt saying very much at all.
Reply:Well - the Hantavirus is transmitted by inhaling an aerosol-like substance that is produced by the droppings / urine of certain rodents.
See the link below.
Reply:Odour is just molecules the same as anything else. bacteria may be bigger but they often go together - think of mould!
Neither has to be harmful, in any quantity (excepting lorry loads of course) but it only takes 1 bug to start a bug farm so the more the un-merrier.
Also seats tend to be smooth and cleaned with a disinfectant rather than pitted and scratched and just wiped clean so they will start from the blocks rather than having salmanella lurking!
Reply:From what i remember it cant the odour given off by an object is of gaseous nature and therefore does not contain bacteria. However bacteria can be air born in the air that the gas inhabits meaning it would be inhaled.
Reply:No odor from bacteria is caused by sulfuric gasses that the bacteria give off. However if the bacteria is a harmful species and is airborne yes it will make you sick but they are usually odorless.
Reply:I think you are asking if bacteria can be transmitted through, the answer is definitely yes. However, the term odour or scent refers to our perception of molecules as they act on our olfactory receptors. Bacteria themselves are not detectable; therefore, no odour.
Reply:bacteria cant travel via the atmosphere,a virus,and eg common cold can even though most is caught through touch more than anything.If bacteria can live in out atmosphere get ready for a human wipe out.......rabis + wter baware?
Reply:Odours are air borne particles. Yes Yes Yes
Reply:Our Olfactory sense organs ,situated in the roof of the nose, are mainly chemical sensors and their stimulation is carried via the olfactory nerve to the brain.
Any odours are in fact specific chemicals that have stimulated the sensors.
These chemical molecules reach our sense organs through the air. Bacteria can also be transmitted through the air and be airborne .
As one can imagine the chemical molecule will travel further than the bacteria due to their difference in masses .
So if one is near enough to the source of the odour one may then breathe in air containing both the chemicals and the odourless bacteria . While further away one can breathe the chemicals without the bacteria. This is easily verifiable.
Odours do not transmit bacteria but both may be independently and concomitantly transmitted by air (airborne).
Do bacteria die when you eat them?
Do bacteria die when you eat them? Like bacteria on food.
Do bacteria die when you eat them?
Fat chance, in other words no they do not.
Reply:Not sure,but they can live inside you.
Reply:it would defeat the purpose of having live active cultures in your yogurt.
=====
Live and active cultures refer to the living organisms Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Researchers around the world are studying the potential attributes of live and active culture yogurt in preventing gastrointestinal infections, boosting the body's immune system, fighting certain types of cancer and preventing osteoporosis.
http://www.aboutyogurt.com/lacYogurt/fac...
Reply:umm no, in fact your digestive system is an ideal place for bacteria to live and reproduce. It is dark, warm, and wet. Granted, the HCl acid in your stomach might kill some of the bacteria, but not always...in order to insure that you dont eat bacteria you might want to cook all of your food thouroughly and make sure you use clean utinsels and wash your hands when preparing and cooking the food.
Reply:It depends on the type of bacteria. Salivary secretions contain an enzyme called lysozyme which cleaves the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. Hence gram positive cells are more affected by the action of this enzyme. Also the stomach has a very acidi (low pH) environment that not many bacteria can survive in. One bacteria that is known to survive in the stomach is Helicobacter pylori which is the bacteria correlated with stomach ulcers. So yes, some bacteria are killed when ingested while some are not.
Reply:Some of them died, some of the didn't.
Our saliva contains several hydrolytic enzime that can digest bacteria, but some bacteria form a capsule that make it hard to digest.
Also, acids in your digestion organ can kill several type of bacteria while the others aren't effected cause they're resistant to acids.
Well, be careful when you eat something.
Reply:not all of them of course but most of them cannot live in the gastric acidity . on the other hand other bacteria , like helicobacter pylori,can live even in the high acidity of the stomach
Reply:sum do and sum don't. It depends what bacteria it is. If it is harmful bacteria then it will stay in your body and give you an infection
Reply:no, of they did then you would never get sick!!
they can live through the stomache acids and digestive system!
Do bacteria die when you eat them?
Fat chance, in other words no they do not.
Reply:Not sure,but they can live inside you.
Reply:it would defeat the purpose of having live active cultures in your yogurt.
=====
Live and active cultures refer to the living organisms Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Researchers around the world are studying the potential attributes of live and active culture yogurt in preventing gastrointestinal infections, boosting the body's immune system, fighting certain types of cancer and preventing osteoporosis.
http://www.aboutyogurt.com/lacYogurt/fac...
Reply:umm no, in fact your digestive system is an ideal place for bacteria to live and reproduce. It is dark, warm, and wet. Granted, the HCl acid in your stomach might kill some of the bacteria, but not always...in order to insure that you dont eat bacteria you might want to cook all of your food thouroughly and make sure you use clean utinsels and wash your hands when preparing and cooking the food.
Reply:It depends on the type of bacteria. Salivary secretions contain an enzyme called lysozyme which cleaves the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. Hence gram positive cells are more affected by the action of this enzyme. Also the stomach has a very acidi (low pH) environment that not many bacteria can survive in. One bacteria that is known to survive in the stomach is Helicobacter pylori which is the bacteria correlated with stomach ulcers. So yes, some bacteria are killed when ingested while some are not.
Reply:Some of them died, some of the didn't.
Our saliva contains several hydrolytic enzime that can digest bacteria, but some bacteria form a capsule that make it hard to digest.
Also, acids in your digestion organ can kill several type of bacteria while the others aren't effected cause they're resistant to acids.
Well, be careful when you eat something.
Reply:not all of them of course but most of them cannot live in the gastric acidity . on the other hand other bacteria , like helicobacter pylori,can live even in the high acidity of the stomach
Reply:sum do and sum don't. It depends what bacteria it is. If it is harmful bacteria then it will stay in your body and give you an infection
Reply:no, of they did then you would never get sick!!
they can live through the stomache acids and digestive system!
Is there anything that counts bacteria in water in about half an hour?
I'm looking for a product that will count either aerobic bacteria or coliform bacteria in water, that needs no incubation and that would take about a half an hour. I don't need it to tell me exactly how many bacteria there is, just if water has bacteria or not. I really appreciate your help.
Is there anything that counts bacteria in water in about half an hour?
If you just want to get an idea of the general number of bacteria, the easist thing would be to use a spectrophotometer, since every lab has one. If you have lots of samples, you could use a spec capable of reading multiwell plates.
If you want a better idea of the actual number of bacteria, you can use some sort cell counting device, either automated or manual (hemocytometer anyone).
If you want to be super fancy and spend a lot of money, and get fairly accurate counts of E. coli specifically (in case other bacteria are present) you could add a fluorescent marker specific for E. coli to your sample and run it through a FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting ) machine.
Reply:See if a Coulter cell counter will work for this counting.
PS what did you think a Coulter counter was, panic girl? I do not know whether your superfluous answer or " thumps down " was more insulting. I will return the favor.
Reply:Use a nephelometer. It will estimate the amount of particles in suspension based on light scatter.
Reply:I don't know what a Coulter counter is, so hopefully I won't get insulted here...but a spectrophotometer is another option. It measures the turbidity (cloudiness) of a sample and gives you a light absorbance reading. Bacteria are generally detected at a 600 nanometer wavelength, so you can set the machine to read at that wavelength. If you use plain water (that you know has no bacteria) as a blank, you will know if there are bacteria in your sample if the absorbance reading increases. There are tables that you can use (online, easy to find) to match up the absorbance reading with an estimated number of bacterial cells. It is pretty much an instantaneous test, depending on how fast the spectrophotomer can read the two samples (blank and experimental). Hope this helps some...
broadleaf
Is there anything that counts bacteria in water in about half an hour?
If you just want to get an idea of the general number of bacteria, the easist thing would be to use a spectrophotometer, since every lab has one. If you have lots of samples, you could use a spec capable of reading multiwell plates.
If you want a better idea of the actual number of bacteria, you can use some sort cell counting device, either automated or manual (hemocytometer anyone).
If you want to be super fancy and spend a lot of money, and get fairly accurate counts of E. coli specifically (in case other bacteria are present) you could add a fluorescent marker specific for E. coli to your sample and run it through a FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting ) machine.
Reply:See if a Coulter cell counter will work for this counting.
PS what did you think a Coulter counter was, panic girl? I do not know whether your superfluous answer or " thumps down " was more insulting. I will return the favor.
Reply:Use a nephelometer. It will estimate the amount of particles in suspension based on light scatter.
Reply:I don't know what a Coulter counter is, so hopefully I won't get insulted here...but a spectrophotometer is another option. It measures the turbidity (cloudiness) of a sample and gives you a light absorbance reading. Bacteria are generally detected at a 600 nanometer wavelength, so you can set the machine to read at that wavelength. If you use plain water (that you know has no bacteria) as a blank, you will know if there are bacteria in your sample if the absorbance reading increases. There are tables that you can use (online, easy to find) to match up the absorbance reading with an estimated number of bacterial cells. It is pretty much an instantaneous test, depending on how fast the spectrophotomer can read the two samples (blank and experimental). Hope this helps some...
broadleaf
Killing bacteria?
We recently moved to the country and have well water.
The bacteria level is 4 times higher than it should be and
is considered unsafe to drink.
How long do I have to boil it in order to kill the bacteria?
Killing bacteria?
This says get the water to a roiling boil for three minutes:
http://www.kcmo.org/health.nsf/web/boilo...
Reply:This site, http://www.des.state.nh.us/factsheets/ws...
Recommends to boil your water, at a "rolling boil", for two full minutes.
But, this site had comprehensive suggestions and warnings about e-coli bacteria, which you should read. Good Luck!
Reply:3 min boiling
Reply:cleanser, neuritic acid, and domex
The bacteria level is 4 times higher than it should be and
is considered unsafe to drink.
How long do I have to boil it in order to kill the bacteria?
Killing bacteria?
This says get the water to a roiling boil for three minutes:
http://www.kcmo.org/health.nsf/web/boilo...
Reply:This site, http://www.des.state.nh.us/factsheets/ws...
Recommends to boil your water, at a "rolling boil", for two full minutes.
But, this site had comprehensive suggestions and warnings about e-coli bacteria, which you should read. Good Luck!
Reply:3 min boiling
Reply:cleanser, neuritic acid, and domex
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